(U-3:) THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF ISLAM: IN THE LIGHT OF TREATIES OF THE HOLY PROPHET’S (PBUH)

اسلام کا سیاسی نظام: معاہدات نبوی ﷺ کی روشنی میں

Abstract

This research paper elucidates the fundamental principles of the Islamic political system in light of the treaties established during the life of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Through the critical analysis of key agreements such as the Hilf al-Fudul, the Pact of Migration, the Constitution of Medina, and the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, the study demonstrates that the Islamic political framework is firmly grounded in justice, tolerance, the protection of minority rights, and the foundations of international relations. Furthermore, it highlights the Prophet's strategic wisdom, political foresight, and peace-oriented approach, offering timeless guidance for the contemporary world. this research outlines the principles of Islamic politics that support the establishment of a just, equitable, and sustainable social order. The core objective is to bring to light the intellectual structure of the Islamic state and to evaluate the practical feasibility of its implementation in the modern context. The Islamic political system not only defines the relationship between the individual and the state but also provides comprehensive principles for inter-state relations. The study examines various treaties conducted with tribal communities, uncovering essential aspects of political prudence, social insight, and diplomatic intelligence, each of which played a pivotal role in the formation and stability of the Islamic state. Prophetic treaties are presented through the lens of Islamic political thought to clarify how the Prophet's leadership employed peace, justice, and principled strategy in managing inter-tribal relations. These treaties reflect key political values such as governance, rule of law, justice, international cooperation, and the safeguarding of minority rights. The research aims to show how the political doctrines derived from the Prophet's practical engagements continue to offer a viable framework for establishing a coherent, just, and peaceful system of governance in the contemporary era.